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The Bulletin of the Adyghe State University, Series "Economics" |
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#4 / 2025ManagementAlla V. GLADYSHEVA, Irina F. CHEPUROVA, Irina N. MAHONINAASSORTMENT MANAGEMENT METHODS OF A COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISE: PRACTICAL APPLICATION
In modern conditions, the range of goods is increasing every day, new enterprises with an up-to-date product strategy and pricing policy are appearing on the market. Mistakes in managing the assortment of an enterprise, ignorance of its key characteristics, features and types, can result in not only large losses and losses for a commercial enterprise, but also the termination of its activities in the market. Based on this, commercial enterprises need to constantly analyze their product range, study demand trends and, in accordance with them, plan to make certain adjustments to the existing product range or develop new competitive product range positions. The following methods were used in the course of the study: ABC analysis, Dibb-Simkin analysis, BCG matrix analysis (Boston Consulting Group). Calculations were made according to the data of JSC Confectionery company "TAKF". In the course of the research, using assortment research methods, it was possible to identify the most popular assortment positions, which are the direction of assortment expansion, positions that provide the largest market share, which are novelties, but have a growth perspective. As a result, the following were identified: the most profitable group of goods, goods that have the least value for the enterprise and groups that require additional sales incentives.
A MODEL FOR INTEGRATING CORPORATE EMPLOYEE WELLNESS PROGRAMS INTO HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
This article examines the role of corporate employee wellness programs in ensuring sustainable development. Based on an analysis of international and Russian experience, it is shown that such programs go beyond traditional HR objectives, fostering a corporate culture of health, strengthening the organization's social capital, and promoting increased competitiveness. It is noted that the implementation of wellness programs is determined by socioeconomic factors (rising costs of temporary disability, an aging workforce, declining employee engagement) and organizational and managerial conditions (top management support, developed infrastructure, a strategic focus on CSR and ESG). The author presents a management model for integrating wellness programs into human resources management and sustainable development, including targets, principles, implementation stages, management levels, and expected outcomes. It has been proven that the systemic integration of corporate wellness programs provides synergistic effects: increased productivity, reduced employee turnover, strengthened employer branding, and the business's contribution to public health.
CYBERSECURITY RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE PROCESS OF IMPLEMENTING DIGITAL BUSINESS TRANSFORMATION PROJECTS
The article notes the high level of importance of cybersecurity and risk management in the event of cyber incidents in the process of implementing digital business transformation projects. The interest in the issue under consideration is due to the current and upcoming volume of digital transformation projects being implemented. The statistics of hacker attacks in the Russian Federation and the costs of digital transformation in relation to the total global costs are presented. The study noted the constant change in the nature and complexity of cyber attacks, as well as the relevance of risk management related to enterprise cybersecurity. The author reflects, taking into account the events of 2022, the current indicators of import substitution of software used to protect infrastructure from hacker attacks. The article notes the decline in the position of the Russian Federation in the ranking of countries on the national cybersecurity index and indicates the potential reasons for this result. The author pays special attention to the shortage of personnel in the field of information security and notes that large companies are independently trying to solve the issue of training cybersecurity specialists. Also, during the study, the main problems in the implementation of cybersecurity in the process of implementing digital business transformation projects were identified. Based on the identified range of main problems, an analysis was carried out, the main aspects and directions of increasing the level of cybersecurity were highlighted. It also describes the main stages of cybersecurity risk management in the implementation of digital business transformation projects, which is an integral part of it.
SYNTHESIS AND HYBRIDIZATION OF FORMS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN RUSSIA
The article demonstrates that Russian CSR is at the stage of a qualitative leap from traditional, often one-time, charity to high-tech, measurable and integrated into business strategy forms of social responsibility. The relevance of the research is determined by the need for Russian business to adapt to the accelerating digitalization, geopolitical instability and new public demands for transparency and sustainability, which is reflected in the active implementation of the ESG agenda. The paper systematizes the key factors contributing to such a transformation, including the development of digital ecosystems, the use of AI and Big Data, blockchain solutions, as well as a focus on Well-being programs and inclusive technologies. The results of the study describe in detail emerging new, more effective and transparent mechanisms of social impact, representing a synthesis and hybridization of traditional and digital approaches. The author provides a map of key transformation factors and focuses on new risk groups characteristic of CSR digitalization (such as threats to data security of vulnerable social groups and vendor lock-in risk). It is concluded that the synthesis of CSR forms not only increases its effectiveness, but also ensures the sustainability of social impact in conditions of turbulence.
REGIONAL AND SECTORAL ECONOMYAndrey N. BAIDAKOV, Daniil A. VDOVINSYSTEMIC HIERARCHY OF AGRICULTURAL BUSINESS PROCESSES
This article examines the systemic nature of business processes in agriculture through the structural lens of an agricultural hierarchical economic system. The relevance of this study stems from the strategic importance of agriculture for the country's food security and the need for a systemic understanding of business processes to improve the efficiency of agricultural production. The purpose of this study is to reveal the systemic nature of business processes in agriculture by substantiating their hierarchical structure with a set of vertical and horizontal interrelations. The author presents his interpretation of the definition of a business process in agriculture, proposes a perception of agricultural business as a dynamic system for creating economic, social, and environmental values, and develops a five-level hierarchical structure of agricultural business systems. The rationale for the studied systematicity is based on an examination of the systemic patterns of emergence, integrity, hierarchy, isomorphism, isofunctionalism, and fractality using the example of wheat cultivation from the perspective of different levels of the business system hierarchy — from the enterprise to the region. The results of the study demonstrate that business processes in agriculture possess systemic properties, which provides the basis for developing a systemic modeling and forecasting methodology for use in developing agricultural business development programs.
THE IMPACT ON THE STABILITY OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEMS: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE
In the modern world, many development paths for enhancing the resilience of regional economic systems are emerging. Scholars in every corner of the globe have raised the issue of enhancing the resilience of economic systems in one way or another. This article aims to identify the most appropriate methods and forms for enhancing the resilience of regional economic systems. Domestic and international authors propose various approaches to improving and adapting regional economic systems to current conditions. A review of international perspectives on enhancing the resilience of regional economic systems and their mechanisms will allow us to identify the most relevant and effective methods and approaches. Examining the approach to enhancing resilience through consideration of methods proposed by international scholars will allow us to view the problem from a different perspective and prevent problems that may arise or already exist but have not been described in detail. Government decrees and laws affect basic economic and social infrastructure, and specific efforts are necessary to transform our economies. Putting aside all political and religious differences, political leaders must join forces for the prosperity and development of their countries. Sharing experiences between countries will help coordinate and enhance the resilience of regional economic systems. This article examines the experiences of Western, Eastern, and African countries.
MONITORING REGIONAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES AND PRACTICAL TOOLS
Effective management of regional socioeconomic development requires harmonizing long-term strategic goals with spatial development priorities established at the federal level. This article analyzes the relationship between defined development priorities and the structural and functional characteristics of economic space, which is viewed as a dynamic environment for interaction between economic entities. The central problem identified is the insufficient effectiveness of analytical and information support systems for regional governance. Therefore, the need for a comprehensive improvement of the regional socioeconomic development monitoring system is substantiated. The aim of the study is to develop a scientific and methodological framework for modernizing this monitoring, including the development of new methodological approaches and practical tools. The obtained results advance the scientific foundations of regional governance, offering specific organizational and applied solutions, and help increase the analytical capacity and practical relevance of the monitoring system for government agencies. This article will be of interest to the academic community working on regional economics and management, as well as to practitioners working in state and municipal governments involved in the development and implementation of socioeconomic development programs.
EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ON EMPLOYMENT ISSUES FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
This article examines current challenges in integrating people with disabilities into Russian society. It focuses on the barriers hindering their full social adaptation and assesses the effectiveness of existing government support measures. Key aspects of the problem are explored: creating an accessible urban environment, employing people with disabilities, and addressing education and vocational training. Significant disparities are identified between the declared goals of social policy and the actual situation. Despite some progress in creating a barrier-free environment and developing inclusive practices, a significant portion of people with disabilities face discrimination in employment, low levels of social support, and limited opportunities for professional development. Particular attention is paid to analyzing the effectiveness of the job quota system and alternative mechanisms for supporting the employment of people with disabilities. The article also examines inclusive education and vocational training for persons with disabilities as an important factor in their successful integration into society. The study demonstrates the need to improve existing support mechanisms for people with disabilities and develop new, more effective approaches to addressing their social integration. The findings may be useful for specialists in social policy, human resources management, and inclusive education.
REGIONAL PROJECT ACTIVITY: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF ADYGEA
The project management method is gradually being consolidated in the activities of the executive authorities of all subjects of the Russian Federation. The article discusses topical issues of the organization and implementation of project activities at the regional level on the example of the Republic of Adygea. A comprehensive analysis of the current state of project management in the region has been carried out, and key problems hindering its effective development have been identified. Based on the analysis, promising areas for improving project activities have been identified. It is concluded that the successful implementation of the project approach is a key factor in achieving the strategic goals of socio-economic development of the Republic of Adygea. The research aims to show how the application of project management leads to the sustainable development of regions. The advantages of using project management at the regional level are revealed.
THE IMPACT OF THE SMALL-SIZE HOUSING MARKET ON THE SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTOR OF THE REGION
The article considers the main factor of the region's development — demographic. The influence of the small-size housing market on the demographic decline is investigated and questions are raised about identifying contradictions between urban planning practice and the demographic goals of the state. The aim of the study is to analyze the impact of urban development and the type of housing (for example, studio apartments) on the decision to have children, as well as to identify the causes of the decline in fertility in the regions. The research methodology is based on comparative analysis to study the dynamics of the total fertility rate in 2020-2025, factor analysis to systematize the socio-economic and environmental determinants of fertility, as well as a method of theoretical generalization to identify systemic contradictions between development strategies and demographic policy of the state. The conducted research proves the need to integrate demographic and housing policies. Key proposals include increasing the share of multi-room apartments, introducing flexible layouts, and prioritizing the development of social infrastructure. The implementation of these measures will create favorable conditions for the growth of the birth rate.
A STUDY OF THE LEVEL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PENETRATION IN THE TOURISM SECTOR
Due to its border location, the Belgorod region is currently experiencing significant challenges in achieving sustainable economic development. This is particularly acute in the tourism and hospitality sector, which, despite the difficulties, is maintaining its position and seeking new opportunities to promote its tourism products and attract tourists. One promising approach to addressing this challenge is the use of modern information technology. Digital services accompany tourists at every stage of the travel process—from booking to hotel check-in and room service. Therefore, studying information technology is important for meeting the needs of modern tourists and establishing a successful tourism business. The aim of this study is to assess the level of information technology penetration in tourism, explore how modern tourists perceive information technology, and determine the extent to which tourism information services meet consumer expectations. To achieve this goal, the main areas of modern information technology use in tourism were identified and a survey was conducted to identify the criteria that determine tourist behavior when planning and completing a trip. The uniqueness of this study lies in its identification of significant criteria for the perception of modern technology and the potential for transforming the traditional method of purchasing a tourist trip. The study confirmed that digitalization and the integration of modern technologies into the tourism industry are opening up new horizons for its development, making travel planning and organization more accessible and efficient for both consumers and businesses.
FEATURES OF PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF WOMEN SEAMEN IN CIVIL SHIPPING
The article analyzes the features of the professional activities of women seafarers in civil shipping through the prism of labor economics. Based on international data, Russian regulatory changes, and domestic research, it has been shown that with an objective "window of opportunity" — digitalization of processes, automation, and a shortage of officer personnel — women's shipboard employment remains systematically limited. The author identifies and classifies the key barriers: institutional (legal regimes, recruitment procedures, access to navigation practices), organizational and technological (shift modes, on-board infrastructure, etc.), socio-cultural (stereotypes, lack of mentoring). It is shown that the economic benefits of inclusion (expanding the personnel pool, reducing the transaction costs of hiring, increasing the sustainability of crews) are realized under the condition of transparent evaluation and promotion procedures, standardization of the "health-saving" ship environment and institutionalization of mentoring. A management outline of changes at the macro, meso, and micro levels is proposed: public gender statistics, quotas for swimming practices and mentoring programs, adapted infrastructure and PPE requirements, as well as performance metrics related to safety and quality of operations. The results are addressed to shipping companies, industry regulators, and educational centers for seafarers.
THE POSSIBILITIES OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN IN TRAINING PERSONNEL FOR CHARITABLE ACTIVITIES IN THE MEDICAL AND SOCIAL SPHERE
The article analyzes the institutional and personnel capabilities of the education system of the Republic of Tajikistan in training specialists for charitable activities in the medical and social sphere. The purpose of the study is to assess the compliance of the current educational offer with the needs of the third sector and formulate a model for "linking" education with the practice of NGOs. Interdisciplinary design was used: regulatory and legal analysis (legislation on charity and volunteerism), statistical review (coverage of tertiary education, network of medical colleges, provision of healthcare personnel), institutional cross-section of educational programs (medicine, nursing, social work) and analysis of initiatives of international partners. It is shown that with a well-developed foundation (flagship medical schools, a network of 23 medical colleges, and an increase in higher education enrollment), gaps remain between academic plans and practical competencies, limited university connectivity with NGOs, a shortage of structured pre-/in-service routes, and a narrowing of the "field" of practices due to institutional constraints in the sector. A comprehensive architecture of "bridges" is proposed: integration of NPO modules (NGO management, fundraising, volunteer management, data protection, case management), dual training and service-learning under the supervision of NGOs, regional micro-loans and telepreservation, professional standard "NGO medical and social worker" with certification/recertification, grants of the "first workplace", as well as a KPI and interdepartmental monitoring system. The scientific novelty consists in operationalizing the requirements of the third sector for educational outcomes and combining regulatory, organizational and pedagogical decisions into a single management framework. The practical significance lies in the proposal of an implemented roadmap for 3 years, which can increase the employment of graduates in their specialty and expand the access of vulnerable groups to medical and social services.
TOURIST DESTINATION BRANDING AND DIGITAL TERRITORIES: CONVERGENCE OF DEVELOPMENT
This article examines the transformation of tourist destination branding in the context of digitalization, focusing on the phenomenon of convergence between a territory's physical brand and its digital ecosystem. It argues that traditional approaches based on the promotion of visual symbols and slogans are losing their effectiveness, giving way to the development of complex digital environments. The modern tourism brand is analyzed as a dynamic, adaptive system in which online and offline experiences are synchronized and complementary. The paper traces the evolution of branding from a simple logo to an ecosystem model integrating narratives, stakeholder interests, sustainable development principles, and digital technologies. Based on case studies (the Republic of Tatarstan, Altai Krai, Rostov region, Armenia, and Georgia), it demonstrates how brand ecosystem concepts are being implemented in practice. Particular attention is given to the concept of «digital territory» as a new brand environment, incorporating digital twins, AR/VR, IoT, blockchain, and gamification. The article also examines the principles and technological tools of convergence, as well as associated risks such as digital inequality, loss of authenticity, and cybersecurity issues. The conclusion formulates a forecast for the further evolution of the destination brand into an autonomous digital avatar in a hybrid reality, where competitive advantage will belong to territories that have learned to manage the convergent environment as a single organism.
KEY PROJECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL TRANSPORT SYSTEM, ENSURING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE FOREIGN TRADE MODEL TO MEET GLOBAL DEMAND FOR RUSSIAN PRODUCTS
The objective of the study is to assess long-term structural shifts occurring in macroregions of the global economy, in terms of changes in the demographic potential of territories and economic dynamics; to substantiate the basis for the transformational development of the Russian transport system in a long-term trend, ensuring the sustainability of the foreign trade model to uninterruptedly meet global demand for Russian products. The research methods include: analysis of forecast data from the UN, OECD-FAO, IFA, USDA, Equanar, OPEC, GEM, and the Center for Infrastructure Economics; analysis of statistical data on macroeconomic and demographic indicators of the global economy; and systematization of data on national and infrastructure transport projects. This article substantiates that to ensure and maintain the long-term sustainability of the Russian economy and maintain its leadership as the world's largest economy by area, it is necessary to integrate into changing global trade flows. This should be achieved through the transformation of the transport system toward the development of individual transport corridors and the commissioning of large transport and logistics hubs. The practical significance of this article lies in the potential application of its findings in substantiating measures for developing the national transport system and preparing supporting materials for transport development programs and projects.
INDICATORS FOR ASSESSING THE TOURIST AND RECREATIONAL POTENTIAL OF THE REGION
The article attempts to form a minimum set of indicators characterizing the tourist and recreational potential of the territory. To do this, it is necessary to formulate a complete and comprehensive definition of the tourist and recreational potential, as well as analyze its structure. The purpose of the study is to determine a system of indicators that make it possible to assess the regional tourist and recreational potential. This is necessary to determine the basis on which each region can develop the tourism industry and build tourism and recreational clusters. Due to the fact that the tourism industry has synergetic effects on the economic processes of the region, the development of tourism is an important element of regional economic development. As a result of the research, the author identifies the duality of the term "tourist and recreational potential" based on the limited possibilities of the tourist supply and the importance of the demand for the tourist product. Structurally, the tourist and recreational potential consists of a set of resources: natural, climatic, geographical, historical, cultural, recreational, socio-economic and technological. A minimum set of indicators has been developed for each type of resource to assess the tourist and recreational potential of the region.
THE USE OF MENTORING TECHNOLOGY IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: A COMPARISON OF RUSSIAN AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE
The article analyzes and characterizes the experience of implementing a mentoring system in government agencies using the example of the Russian Federation and foreign government organizations. Mentoring is considered as a tool for the most comfortable adaptation, training and development of employees. Different approaches to mentoring in the public sector in the Russian Federation and abroad are described. There are major similarities and differences between the elements of mentoring. Based on the analysis of foreign literature, the main mentoring models implemented abroad are identified: the classical model (mentoring), supervision, Buddying (communication), Shadowing (surveillance). A comparative analysis of Russian and foreign experience in the use of mentoring technologies in government bodies allows us to identify best practices and suggest ways to optimize the use of this technology. A conclusion is being formed about the possible use of foreign experience in the implementation of mentoring technology in Russian practice for its more dynamic development.
PROSPECTS FOR IMPLEMENTING A CLUSTER DEVELOPMENT POLICY IN THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC AS A KEY CHALLENGE FOR ENSURING REGIONAL ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY
This paper examines cluster policy as a significant mechanism for enhancing economic resilience and strengthening the competitive advantages of Russian regions. This topic is currently relevant due to the need for regions to adapt to rapidly changing economic conditions caused by fluctuations in the global market, the imposition of sanctions, and the growing need for technological independence. This article explores the concept of cluster policy as a set of targeted measures by state and municipal authorities aimed at forming and developing specialized territorial production associations (clusters). Specifically, it draws on the concepts of leading scholars (Michael Porter and François Perroux), examining the stages of cluster formation and maturity, as well as government support mechanisms. Calculations of specialization coefficients—localization and per capita production—are used to assess the degree of concentration of individual industries in a region relative to the national average. Data on various industries in the Chuvash Republic for 2017–2024 are provided. The positive effects of cluster policy implementation are highlighted, including increased revenue for cluster enterprises, the development of new products, and support for small and medium-sized businesses. Potential challenges, such as insufficient coordination between cluster participants, inadequate infrastructure, and the difficulty of assessing investment efficiency, are highlighted. The chosen cluster policy is found to be highly effective, supported by calculations and practical experience. Further development of clusters as a foundation for sustainable regional economic growth is proposed. The obtained results can be used by government agencies and entrepreneurs to make decisions on regional economic development. This article may be useful in studying regional clustering issues and has practical implications for developing recommendations for the sustainable economic development of Russian regions.
STAGES OF DIGITAL MARKETING DEVELOPMENT IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
This article presents the results of theoretical research reflecting the characteristics and specifics of the genesis and evolution of digital marketing in the Russian Federation. The general digital transformation of the economy and the system of social relations regarding the production, distribution, and redistribution of goods with a value base for the end consumer are proposed as the "background conditions" for the emergence of digital marketing as a distinct instrumental area within the general concept of marketing activity. The author applies the heuristic capabilities of system-chronological and retrospective-bibliographic analysis to identify substantively diverse stages of digital marketing development in the Russian Federation, clarify their chronological boundaries, and highlight the moments of integration of certain instruments to realize the transformative potential of marketing activity. Consequently, to substantiate promising directions and priority vectors of digital marketing activity in the context of the formation of a new digital paradigm in the economic and business sphere, it is necessary to understand the key stages in the formation and development of a conceptual and instrumental platform for digital marketing. The author's presentation of the stages of the genesis and evolution of digital marketing activity in Russia summarizes and systematizes disparate notions about this process, forming a holistic, chronological understanding. The obtained results allow us to proceed, on a more fundamental basis of paradigmatic knowledge, to develop our own position regarding the assessment and justification of promising areas of marketing activity in the digital environment and in the context of the digital transformation of the economy. This article may be useful to scholars and specialists studying the issues of marketing activity in the context of the transition to a digital economic system.
PRIORITIES AND IMPERATIVES OF THE REGIONAL POLICY OF STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF PENITENTIARY INFRASTRUCTURE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SVERDLOVSK REGION)
The article is devoted to substantiating the priorities and specifying the imperatives of regional policy in the field of strategic development of penitentiary infrastructure. The main concepts, stages and modern approaches to the development of long-term strategies for the development of penitentiary-type infrastructure are considered, as well as their impact on the effectiveness of institutions, the conditions of functioning and activity, and the processes of re-socialization are analyzed. The article analyzes the coverage of the issue of strategic development of penitentiary-infrastructural facilities among scientists and researchers. Special attention is paid to the role of tools and technologies within the framework of interdepartmental institutional cooperation in the implementation of the functions of the subsystem of the regional infrastructure complex under consideration. The main strategic vectors for the development of the modern penitentiary and infrastructural complex in the region are proposed in terms of improving the regulatory framework, developing the organizational ecosystem and related infrastructure, expanding its network, increasing the degree of penetration and development of innovative technologies, creating a probation system and alternative methods of punishment, interacting with civil society, and more. From the perspective of developing a long-term regional policy for the development of penitentiary infrastructure in the regions, positioned as part of the overall regional economic policy, priorities and key imperatives for the development of institutions of the regional penitentiary infrastructure complex are formulated. The article may be useful to scientists and researchers dealing with issues of regional economic policy, infrastructural support of regional economic systems and subsystem formations.
RURAL LIVING STANDARDS IN THE CONTEXT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS
Rural development is one of the key strategic development goals for the Russian Federation. The results of state policy measures in this area are continuously monitored for target indicators and serve as the basis for developing new areas and programmatic measures to support sustainable rural development. The currently implemented Comprehensive Rural Development Program contains a detailed set of target indicators for rural living standards, the achievement of which is planned for 2031: the total area of comfortable residential premises in rural settlements (54%); the population of rural areas and rural agglomerations as a percentage of the total population of the Russian Federation (34,7%); and the ratio of average monthly disposable resources of rural to urban households (70%). To assess the impact of state policy measures and the effectiveness of state support measures for the rural population, the authors conducted a study of the demographic situation and the dynamics of achieving target indicators for rural living standards in the context of rural development programs.
FORMATION OF THE BASIS FOR COMPETITIVENESS INDICATORS IN UNIVERSITY PROJECTS AND STRATEGIES USING THE EXAMPLE OF PRIORITY 2030 PARTICIPANTS
In the context of the modern model of financing higher education, increasing competition and limited resources, the university is becoming an instrument of scientific, technological and spatial development of the region. Increasing the competitiveness of the university is achieved through the improvement of the educational process, image formation, as well as active participation in government programs and projects. For all these cases, it is important to evaluate the university's performance indicators. The purpose of the study is to identify the most important factors for student satisfaction in universities participating in the Priority 2030 program using materials from the Novosibirsk region. To assess student satisfaction, an anonymous survey was conducted in which students were asked to indicate the strengths and weaknesses of the university. Relative frequencies were used in data processing and statistical hypotheses were tested. In addition to the basic classification based on a single feature, a combined classification was also processed, and independence for various combinations of research questions was checked. It has been established that the material and technical base of the university, mentoring skills are of priority importance for students, and they are considered by them as components of the university's high competitiveness. In the course of theoretical reflection, it was possible to identify channels for attracting resources to the university, both through the influx of a new contingent of students, improving the educational process, and through federal initiatives. The results of the conducted research can serve as a basis for the development of indicators for evaluating the performance of universities in their strategies and projects, as well as for management measures that increase their competitiveness.
ON THE ENDOGENEITY OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEMS' DEVELOPMENT. METHODOLOGICAL NOTES
This article distinguishes between the principles of exogenous and endogenous modeling. It is shown that only endogenous development ensures balanced economic development in spatial systems. The sources of economic endogenous development are classified: the implementation of the principle of comparative advantage, the growth of human capital and institutional quality, and transformational and emergent effects. The aim of this paper is to methodologically substantiate the key role of endogenous models in explaining the balanced development of regional economic systems. The objectives of this paper were to methodologically distinguish between the concepts of exogeneity and endogeneity, identify the sources of endogenous regional development, substantiate the logic of balanced regional development, and demonstrate the significance of transformational and emergent effects in the endogenous economic development of regions. The conclusions reached are that endogeneity of regional development is defined as territorial development through internal resources and the optimization of their spatial allocation. The sources of endogenous regional development include the implementation of the principle of comparative advantage, the growth of human capital, transformation, and emergence. Endogenous regional development is balanced because it avoids disproportions in the regional economic system. Emergence and transformation are the fundamental entities generating endogenous regional development. This article may be useful to specialists and researchers working on issues of balanced economic development of macroregional entities, individual regions, and groups of territories.
MATHEMATICAL, STATISTICAL AND INSTRUMENTAL METHODS IN ECONOMYAndrey A. TUSKOV, Valeria V. BESCHASTNOVA, Marina V. GULYAIKINAMODELING AND FORECASTING OF THE EUROPEAN INDICATOR A IN AGRICULTURE USING THE STATISTICAL PROGRAM "JASP"
The article is devoted to the urgent problem of forecasting the index of real income of factors in agriculture per annual labor unit (indicator A), a key indicator of labor productivity in the agricultural sector of the European Union. Unlike traditional econometric approaches, the authors are for the first time using integrated JASP tools in agricultural statistics, which include time series models taking into account the covariate values of indicator A for EU member states. In the European Union, it is important to monitor and forecast agricultural performance, as resources are produced unevenly in countries, and failure to identify a problem in time will create a critical risk. With the advent of information technology, it has become possible to simplify the costs associated with analytics. Programs and neural networks can automatically calculate the necessary indicators, create the necessary graphs, and help predict the future. The purpose of the study is to use the latest JASP software to analyze and forecast the index of real income of factors in agriculture per annual labor unit (Indicator A). During the analysis, several models were tested, among which the bsts linear trend regression model demonstrated the greatest accuracy, predicting the value of indicator A for 2024 at a level close to the official estimate of Eurostat. The novelty of the work lies in the adaptation of the open-source JASP program to the tasks of forecasting agricultural indicators, which provides a more accessible, automated and transparent analysis in the context of the digital transformation of the agro-industrial complex. The results confirm the high efficiency of using machine learning methods in agricultural statistics and open up prospects for further development of digital tools.
ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF PANEL DATA ON THE TURNOVER OF LARGE MEDIUM-SIZED TRADING COMPANIES IN THE REGIONAL CONTEXT
The turnover of companies in the field of trade is an indicator of the development and efficiency of the industry at the state level and at the level of individual regions. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and study the factors that affect the turnover of firms in order to identify possible economic problems and growth prospects. The purpose of this study is to identify and explain the effects that affect the turnover of organizations (without small businesses) for this type of economic activity in the regional context. Econometric modeling, namely panel data analysis, is used as a research method. The calculations are based on statistical reports for the federal districts for 2014-2023 and sample observations. The article presents the result of constructing panel data models: combined models, models with fixed effects, models with random effects. Common factors include investments in fixed assets, the number of organizations, and the share of small businesses in total turnover. The fixed-effects model allowed us to establish the presence of regional differences. The analysis of the panel data showed the positive and negative impact of these factors on the turnover of companies in the trade sector.
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