#3 / 2014

The paper provides a definition of Russian fuel and energy complex, its main characteristics, the structure of the complex, as well as its inter-industry connections. It considers the direction of the fuel and energy complex of the scientific community in different periods of historical development of Russia, from the beginning of the industrialization of the domestic economy to the current stage of development of the national economy. The author substantiates the role and importance of the fuel and energy complex in the overall structure of the Russian economy. He specifies the basic problems of the industry, the factors constraining the development of the fuel and energy industry today. The scientific article examines the need of further scientific study of this problem, including its regional component direction.

15-20.pdf

(138 Kb)

The paper reveals objectives differences, subjects, instruments for competitiveness, methods of evaluation and the consequences of declining competitiveness on the analysis basis of enterprise structures competitiveness and state competitiveness slices. The author formulates theoretical problems preventing the solution of business structures competitiveness ensuring and increasing state competitiveness. The scientific article represents the principles of unification tool for competitiveness.

21-26.pdf

(139 Kb)

The scientific article considers the issues and problems of capital accumulation and reproduction. The author examines the dynamics of change in industrial fixed assets, the problem of lack of competitiveness of Russian industry. The paper analyzes the reproductive structure of investments. It also contains a valuation analysis of the main factors constraining the companies and organizations development. The author studies trends and investment performance of various industries. It is one of the keys to understanding the current problems that have accumulated in the Russian manufacturing sector.

27-33.pdf

(180 Kb)

Financial Markets

This paper studies modern challenges of the Russian Federation formed by globalizing economy (national economy), state, regions, enterprises and organizations, connected with credit and credit system of the country. It determines the requirements of the economy to credit. The author draws a conclusion that the credit system of the Russian Federation, being effective in a number of market criteria, is unable to response wholly the challenges of the Russian economy and globalized world. The scientific article highlights the fact that credit system of the Russian Federation should work closely with the state and look for new ways to interact with the state for an adequate response to the requests of the economy.

233-239.pdf

(142 Kb)

The scientific article investigates the Russian Federation credit system in terms of its compliance with the basic principles and laws of credit relations development (credit theory postulates). While reaching this correspondence the credit system is able to respond adequately to the challenges economy produces. The authors draw a conclusion that modern Russian credit and finance system does not provide the realization of most of the principles of credit relations. It does not act in accordance with requirements of high level theoretical thought. It is necessary to unite the efforts of the credit sector and the state as the task needs the support of the state.

240-246.pdf

(140 Kb)

Problems Related to Investment Activity

The scientific article highlights the category of «investment strategy in the region». It considers the process of its formation and direct impact on the investment attractiveness of the region on the example of the Krasnodar Territory. The author focuses on the fact of application of this category as an effective tool for the implementation of regional economic policy. The author pays her particular attention to the activities of a number of strategic areas of innovation and investment development, which are implemented at the moment. The paper represents recommendations and the directions of attracting investments into the economy of the region through the creation of competitive clusters.

266-272.pdf

(204 Kb)

Regional Economy

The scientific article investigates the constitutive features of regional economic systems of depressive type, widely represented in the economic space of modern Russia. The author focuses on the main objectives of these systems. He reveals the core of the mechanism of inhibition of their development. The paper concludes that the method of development of regional economic systems of depressive type is caused by the process of capitalization of their institutional status. The increment of institutional status forms the basis for the extraction of specific rents. The paper reveals requirements to enhance the development of instruments of regional economic systems depressive type, adapted to modern conditions of stagnation in the Russian economy. It clarifies the resource support problems of Kabardino-Balkaria — one of the typical regional economies of depressive type.

105-109.pdf

(127 Kb)

The article deals with the theoretical approach to the strategic planning of regional development. Strategic planning is a very important and necessary part of the development of regions of Russia. The development of a strategic plan is one of the most important and difficult tasks facing the state. The article defines the characteristics and the basic steps for the implementation of the strategic plan of social and economic development of regions. The authors identify targets and activities in solving social problems.

110-113.pdf

(121 Kb)

The scientific article reveals the necessity of cognitive tools application in crisis management of modern Russian regional economy. The authors focus on the conditionality of this application by the way of combination of the new economy beginnings and stagnation manifestations at the meso-level. They propose new types of cognitive tools of crisis management of the regional economy.

114-118.pdf

(167 Kb)

The scientific article investigates the resources and the main development directions of the regional economy of modern Russian development, when we observe the signs of the previous growth model crisis in the terms of protracted stagnation. Opportunities exhaustion for further growth of regional economic systems sets the task of finding qualitatively new opportunities before the regional economy theory and the development of promising directions of the evolutionary process at this level, demanded in the terms of slowing economic growth. The authors reveal the fact that the protracted stagnation activates a special institutional trap for regional development. Intensifying budget constraints require qualitatively new tools for enhancing territorial entities of business. They offer progressive tool to promote regional economic systems. The paper substantiates respective directions of development according to the conditions of the South of Russia, dominated by territorial localization of depressive type.

119-124.pdf

(131 Kb)

The scientific article substantiates the urgency and the contents of the author’s approach to the systems parameters of sustainable development at the regional level in the context of the three components (environmental, economic and social). It represents the specificity of the North-Caucasus Federal Territory economy according to which a system of performance indicators has developed. The paper gives the brief characteristic of the current stage of development of the region taking into account current trends. The author proposes a method of multi-criteria spatial-temporal evaluation SEEA of agro-industrial type. It is based on the indication of general indicators within the allocated areas with high accuracy to identify the current model of sustainable development.

125-132.pdf

(296 Kb)

The present paper considers the possibility of enterprises innovation activity analysis, taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of statistical research base. The authors formulate the concept of innovation research organizations. The scientific article reveals methodological shortcomings and methodological limitations of information and analytical sources.

133-140.pdf

(171 Kb)

The scientific article discloses a number of aspects related to the rationale for the use of sub-clusters in overcoming of inter-municipal socio-economic heterogeneity in the budget-deficit regions of Southern Russia, which has steadily increased. The paper examines the possibility of a cluster tool to smooth inter-municipal differences on the example of one of these regions — the Adyghe Republic. The authors pay their particular attention to the assessment of preconditions for the creation of clusters and agro-tourist-recreational type in the Adyghe Republic.

141-146.pdf

(130 Kb)

The paper clarifies the concept of competitiveness of the regional economic system. It defines the role of marketing areas in the process of increasing the competitiveness of the region. The author represents an analysis of the use of marketing tools territories in the Krasnodar Territory. The scientific article reveals the mechanism of the implementation of marketing tools territories to the control system of regional social and economic development.

147-151.pdf

(127 Kb)

The scientific article discloses prospects for the formation and development of cluster structures in the economic sphere of Southern Russia as a form of interaction between vertically integrated corporations (VIC) with regional economic systems. The author highlights the basic group of regional clusters forming during the interaction VIC different types and levels of development in the regional economies of the South of Russia. The paper reveals principles and functions of management of territorial clusters, key constraints clustering process of economic space in southern Russia.

152-161.pdf

(152 Kb)

This paper presents the method of analysis of industrial structure-and longterm economic activities of the Krasnodar Territory in order to identify their potential for clustering. It considers the prospect of the creation and development of metallurgical cluster in the Krasnodar region on the base of companies «Novorosmetall» and «Abinsky electro-metallurgical work».

162-168.pdf

(137 Kb)

This scientific article analyzes the problems of regional development. Program-target method of economic and territorial management is an important means of active influence of the state on the socio-economic complex problem regions. Nowadays targeted programs are mechanisms that help regional authorities to overcome the existing problems and to reach a new level of regional control. While working on the preparation and implementation of long-term programs targeted regional executives, managers acquire the skills of a systematic approach to the regional problems. In modern conditions it is obligatory to present scientifically developed strategies for social and economic development of territories. Federal authorities are taking consistent steps to coordinate the various programs of regional social and economic development.

169-175.pdf

(136 Kb)

This scientific article analyzes the financing of federal targeted programs for regional development. The authors use the data of State Programs Department and investments of Economic Development Ministry for the period of 2011—2013. They unite the data in the table on following quantitative and qualitative indicators: federal program name, financing sources, as well as planned and actual amounts of funding during 2011—2013. The paper draws some conclusions. Generally speaking federal program funding in the Russian Federation in the period from 2011 to 2013 is uniform, increasing from year to year. Funding levels for the target programs vary considerably depending on the programs priority. Federal-target programs fulfill its main task in the post-crises period as budget investments enliven industry economic and social areas.

176-181.pdf

(133 Kb)

The Account, Audit and the Control

The paper describes the general methodology principles of a professional service due diligence gaining popularity in Russia now. It gives the details of transaction expertise application. The scientific article represents illustrations to provide a common understanding of the elements due diligence, as well as tables detailing the procedures for each direction. The author reveals his own approach to the description of the stages of deal and capital examination. He determines the need to develop methodological support of capital transactions for the Russian professional practice (in the field of accounting, auditing, taxation, finance and law) as part of the actuarial principles of accounting concepts.

182-188.pdf

(246 Kb)

The scientific article presents the definition of immaterial assets, intellectual property and intellectual property. It also demonstrates their similarities, differences and relationship. The authors reveal economic and legal differences in the composition of objects recognized as immaterial assets in the Russian and international practice. The paper denotes legal definition of immaterial assets as a set of property rights to the intellectual activity results and individualization means. It considers the essence of immaterial assets classification according to the nature of the rights of intellectual property, duration, value maturity, sources of income and the possibility of alienation. The authors give the technique of immaterial assets revaluation and impairment.

189-197.pdf

(212 Kb)

The scientific article provides an outline of the final version of IFRS (IFRS) 9 «Financial Instruments», published by the IASB Council in July 2014. It investigates its impact on increasing information content and reliability of the financial statements of companies in a volatile economic environment. The author pays her particular attention to the provisions relating with classification and measurement, impairment and hedging accounting, which fundamentally changes compared with the current standard governing the accounting of financial instruments — IAS (IAS) 39 «Financial instruments: recognition and evaluation».

198-205.pdf

(219 Kb)

The paper presents the definition of inventories as a collective term to name the short-term non-monetary material assets. It specifies criteria for the recognition of the stocks in the useful life and the ability to bring economic benefit. The authors highlight the differences between the components of inventory — materials, goods and finished products. They discuss the necessity of normative regulation of accounting work in progress as reserves component. They give classification of reserves functional role in the production process. The scientific article reveals possibilities of accounting policies during the initial and subsequent measurement of inventories.

206-216.pdf

(160 Kb)

Economy of Agrarian-Industrial Complex

The scientific article examines the theoretical aspects of qualitative and economic evaluation of agricultural lands. It considers the concept of land appraisal and its indicators application in the land economic evaluation. The paper represents the fundamental differences between the two methods of cadastral valuation of agricultural land. The author determines the main indicators of agricultural organizations efficiency, according to the land quality.

217-224.pdf

(198 Kb)

The scientific article deals with the implementation of the cluster approach to the organization of integration relations of economic entities of territorial agricultural complexes. It reveals the possibilities of cluster structures in ensuring agro-industrial complex competitiveness at meso-level. The paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of vertically integrated corporate and cluster structures. The author highlights the key factors that promote and prevent the formation of agro-industrial clusters in Russia.

225-232.pdf

(144 Kb)

The Theory and Practice of Business

This paper considers the tendency of formation of an innovative economy in which business profits are created by the excess flow of innovations. A key figure in this economy is an entrepreneur. Business aim is the constant focus on the search for new combinations of economic resources. The authors represent several variants for innovative development strategy in Russia. They reveal the role of innovation infrastructure as a basic ingredient of innovation.

303-310.pdf

(210 Kb)

Social Economy

The scientific article considers the tasks that contribute to the formation and development of tools for social responsibility of integrated participants. It discloses the contents of one of the tools — the integration of the accounts interim responsibility of integrated participants in the system of national accounts and the system of regional accounts. This solution provides an adequate level of social responsibility of governments, large corporations, non-governmental organizations with significant investment potential and capable of generating significant risks and threats associated with the results of its impact on the development of spatial economic systems (national economy, regional economy, the local economy).

298-302.pdf

(125 Kb)

Management

The paper reveals the theme of leadership which has always been, is and will be one of the most burning themes occupying the minds of a lot of generations of all ages — practitioners and theorists. It was interesting at all times; it has not lost its importance today. The leadership theme is connected with its place in society, political and social and economic processes, as well as the fact that leadership is a form of social and interpersonal interaction. The author gives the definition of effective leadership and examines the main features of leadership. The scientific article reveals the essence of leadership, studies theoretical and practical characteristics of a leader and finds a direct connection between leadership and management.

293-297.pdf

(129 Kb)

Taxes and the Taxation

The scientific article considers the question of evaluation of tax administration efficiency on individuals’ income in the Russian Federation. It highlights the problems arising in the implementation of tax control as well as analyzes the methods of assessing the effectiveness of tax control. The author examines the experience of tax control in Moscow with the collection of qualitative evidence base in order to avoid unreasonable additional charges. The paper presents the feasibility of using tax control measures to improve the efficiency of tax control.

273-281.pdf

(148 Kb)

The paper discloses the main tasks of state regulation of the economy in the post-crisis period. It highlights the need to improve tax administration in the Russian Federation oriented on the production development stimulation, high technology products increasing in exports and customs procedures simplifying and other administrative restrictions on exports. It pays its attention to development of information security and improving coherence administering bodies. The author substantiates the necessity of tariff protection for inexpensive domestic manufactured goods that are produced in sufficient quantities by Russian enterprises and provide domestic demand. Rates for more expensive goods must be kept low and this will preserve the imports volume and provide certain competitive conditions. The scientific article draws a conclusion that the tax system reforming is essential. It includes issues related to a decrease in payments to the state budget funds.

282-292.pdf

(197 Kb)

COGNITIVE ECONOMY

The paper considers the analysis method of security threats for a metropolis based on cognitive maps construction and analysis. The scientific article is presented in two parts. The first part deals with the most difficult stage of the analysis of the situation, namely the structuring of knowledge about the situation in the «language» of cognitive maps. In the second part the authors examine formalization of the primary map and analyze the situation. They build methodology according to the latest theoretical research models and methods for analyzing situations on the basis cognitive cards held both by their research group and with regard to research other applied researches.

247-255.pdf

(534 Kb)

The paper deals with innovation potential modeling of enterprises’ corporate culture in Kabardino-Balkarian recreational sector on the basis of influence of its basic elements. It takes into account aspects of Russian mentality and specificity of internal and external mechanisms of corporate development. The authors use the method of successive extensions of the domain by constructing cognitive maps for the three models to identify factors, concepts, reflecting specific industry areas (tourism sector), the national aspect (Kabardino-Balkaria) and strategic direction of the analysis. They carried out a comparative analysis of the dominant factors of corporate culture based on indicators of cognitive maps and identified the main group of vector effects in the relevant models that form the thrust of its innovative development.

256-265.pdf

(168 Kb)

Economics history

Numerous researchers of Pacioli treatise continue to argue about the structure and content of the balance sheet described in it over a hundred years. In the records of the company Kuban State University scientists have found Datini company’s unique version of the early balances application a century before Pacioli treatise. They built two balances at the same time in one accounting period: both are cash balance. One was in the General ledger (trial), the second was on separate sheets, booklet (financial report). The paper aims to identify similar examples in other companies.

34-45.pdf

(2 Mb)

The paper studies Professor M.I. Kyter’s researches. The accounting community will celebrate his 70th birthday in the near future. The results of the research in the history of accounting play an important role in the proper understanding of the accounting genesis. The author pays his particular attention to the medieval period. It was that time when full double-entry bookkeeping system used in the modern world had come into being.

46-57.pdf

(1017 Kb)

The scientific article is confined to the 520-year anniversary of the treatise «On the accounts and records» and the 570-year anniversary of its author — Luca Pacioli. The author suggests hypothesis of some mysteries’ discovering of the treatise. It represents an accounting goods model according to the examples of the text. The paper makes an attempt to distinguish the fundamental principle Pacioli took into consideration in accounting procedures. This principle reveals peculiarities of entries in the accounts ledger. The paper examines a real interpretation of the concept of duality used in the treatise.

58-71.pdf

(363 Kb)

This paper discloses a new attitude to the formation of the earliest analytic and synthetic (compressed) balances and the accounting system adopted in the French Avignon at the beginning of the XV century. It considers the acting option of conducting combined accounting (partly by periodic inventory, partly by double-entry method on dual accounts, with a parallel arrangement of the debit and credit). The authors clarify the analytical balance technique of constructing and the compression engine performance in synthetic balance. They reveal the fact that there is no nominee accounts of the financial results and the account itself «Losses and profits» in the accounting system. The main purpose of constructing analytical and synthetic balances was to identify the financial result in an increment or «eating away» capital. They didn’t use balance control function.

72-83.pdf

(845 Kb)

The scientific article deals with the practice of the early registration system conducted according to the rules of double entry. It pays particular attention to a trial cash balance. The authors create the accounting model of the first detected Ledger nowadays on the basis of historical data by accounting and analytical modeling. This model allows making conclusions about the period used in the techniques and methods of accounting. The result of the study leads to the conclusion that the account, conducted in Farolfi Company, was on way of its development and it went back to the banking account. The authors suppose that the Ledger examined was formed according to the rules of conducting banking books taken in Florence at that time. It is worth noting that the basic ideas of management accounting, which originated in the XIII century, were gathered and fully consolidated in the information model, which we know as the double entry. Generally speaking «Giovanni Farolfi and Co.» books are recognized as one of the major monuments of the early history of accounting. Amatino Manuchchi is considered to be one of the fathers of our profession.

84-104.pdf

(2 Mb)